Containers are globally used for building various projects and are highly convenient as they are fast, flexible, and scalable. Docker’s platform adds portability to cloud workloads, is open-source, and enables developers to manage applications across various environments. Docker makes it easy to scale up or down applications as per business requirements and is very dynamic. It’s a cost-effective alternative to hypervisor-based virtual machines and allows enterprises to better tap into their server capacity to achieve their business goals.
Docker security follows client-server architecture, and the Docker client communicates with REST APIs over UNIX sockets and network interfaces. Docker security includes aspects such as the Dockerfile, Docker daemon, container runtime, and base images, all of which must be secured for optimal data privacy and application performance.
This blog will discuss docker container security, explain how to secure docker containers, and cover the top docker container security tools.
What is Docker?
Docker is a software platform designed to help developers build and deploy applications rapidly. Docker packages use containers and has everything ranging from system tools, libraries, tools, and runtime. Docker accelerates application development and makes it easily scalable. Many Fortune 500 companies containerize applications, share, and secure app development using its various tools and unique features.
What is Container Security?
Docker container images are lightweight, standalone, scalable, and have executable components that can be run anywhere. Containers are self-sufficient packages and share access with the OS kernel, which makes them lighter than VMs. Containerized environments are dynamic, and container security requires automation. Securing container images, host machines, container runtimes, and the build pipelines is essential.
Container security is a critical component of Docker security and is the process of securing Docker containers and components. It uses a blend of security tools and policies to identify potential risks and take steps to remediate them effectively.
How Docker Works?
Docker standardizes code production and provides an operating system for running containers and deploying them in environments. Docker is the defector industry standard and a container-orchestration platform quickly gaining popularity in the DevOps community for designing modern microservice applications. The Docker container engine uses Linux kernel features such as control groups and namespaces to build containers on top of operating systems and provide OS-level virtualization.
Docker makes it convenient to package applications into containers and manage containers efficiently.
There are a few important things to note about the platform which are:
- It does not replace Chef, Ansible, and Puppet, and it is not a container
- Docker is not a VM (Virtual Machine) solution or LXC
- It is not a platform as a service technology
What is Docker Container Security?
Docker container security presents unique challenges and involves creating a safe environment for all systems over traditional virtual machines. Docker components can be isolated to reduce the risk of lateral movement and prevent hackers from causing data breaches.
It is essential to understand that securing various components from the host to the network is critical when securing docker containers.
Below we will cover how to secure docker containers.
How to Secure Docker Containers?
The first step to enhancing docker container security is keeping the host and docker up-to-date. It prevents various vulnerabilities and eliminates the chances of threat actors escalating root/administrator privileges. Patching the Docker Engine and Docker Machine is critical to Docker container security.
Docker containers should be configured to have unprivileged access and restrict user permissions. A good practice is using pod security policies and limiting or dropping Linux kernel capabilities. Users can keep docker images secure by performing regular vulnerability scans and reducing risk exposure. Auditing docker directories and files and using APIs and networks for communications is critical. Docker container monitoring is specialized and can enhance visibility and observability in containerized workloads.
Many other security features can be implemented for optimal docker container security. We will discuss that in the following sections.
Docker Security Challenges and Risks
The central container security Docker challenges and risks are:
- Unrestricted network traffic – Docker versions allow all unrestricted traffic on networks and may expose sensitive information to the wrong containers. Attackers can hijack multiple containers simultaneously and infiltrate host systems.
- Lack of Compliance – It can be challenging to manage compliance and automatically enforce it, owing to the continuous and fast-paced growth of container environments and changes in the regulatory landscape.
- Vulnerable container images– Container images from untrusted or unverified publishers are unstable and may contain malicious code. Unofficial container images in the Docker hub registry may be corrupted.
- Container breakouts – When a single container gets compromised, the others are affected. This happens when a malicious actor accesses the hosts and breaks out from the compromised container, thus targeting other containers.
Things to Consider During Docker Container Security
Here are some common security risks that occur when managing docker deployments and how they affect them:
- Unrestricted traffic and un-secure communications
- Unprotected or vulnerable Docker container images
- Host Kernel Vulnerabilities
1. Unrestricted traffic and un-secure communications
Some Docker containers may offer unrestricted access by default allowing all network traffic on the same host. It can result in accidental exposure of sensitive data to the wrong containers and increase the attack surface. The top concerns are unencrypted Docker communications and a need for network traffic integrity and confidentiality.
2. Unprotected or vulnerable Docker container images
Docker container images have unknown vulnerabilities and may come with malicious code. Docker images may also come from unverified or untrusted sources, introducing additional vulnerabilities. Over 100,000 open-source Docker container repositories exist in the Docker Hub registry, meaning many unofficial or modified image versions exist.
3. Host Kernel Vulnerabilities
Host operating systems may not be kept updated or monitored vigilantly. The operating system host kernel can expose the host and all containers, opening it to various security threats. Container breakout is another common problem where the malicious actor can gain root access to the host and escape the isolation of containers, thus allowing them to escalate privileges and access host resources. Developers must check if the host kernel is patched and kept up-to-date before being exploited.
Best Practices for Docker Container Security
Docker container security encompasses proper configuration of containers, user privileges, and implementing security practices to ensure that containers are fully scalable without compromising integrity and authenticity. Mitigating supply chain risks and minimizing attack surfaces are the top priorities for securing Docker Hub, and Docker container deployments can be protected by applying appropriate threat remediation workflows.
Here are some of the best practices to follow for Docker container security:
- Avoid Root Permissions
- Reduce Resource Usage
- Enable Real-Time Docker Container Security Monitoring
- Scan Container Images
- Build Networks and APIs for Security
- Use Intrusion Detection and Prevention Tools
1. Avoid Root Permissions
Users should avoid giving docker containers root permissions and not change the default configuration. Allowing root permissions by default introduces security vulnerabilities and can increase the risk of data breaches.
2. Reduce Resource Usage
Docker lets users limit resource usage for each container and can restrict CPU RAM and memory consumption. Resource usage limitations can improve docker container security and enhance performance. By limiting the number of resources being used, attacks are blocked automatically, and services don’t get disrupted.
3. Enable Real-Time Docker Container Security Monitoring
No Docker security tool can achieve 100% security, but using an agency can significantly minimize the risk of facing vulnerabilities in the infrastructure.
Many Docker container security tools allow users to perform real-time monitoring of containers and services. Docker containers have many moving components and immutable parts, making enhancing security challenging. Users can improve safety, achieve observability, and gain visibility into environments by enabling real-time tracking of containerized workloads. Another good tip is to scan Docker image ports and network configurations and ensure that roles are assigned to the correct accounts to achieve maximum visibility.
4. Scan Container Images
Another good tip is to scan Docker image ports and network configurations and ensure that roles are assigned to the correct accounts to achieve maximum visibility. Organizations can also use a third-party registry with built-in scanning features for the best results.
5. Build Networks and APIs for Security
Docker APIs and networks communicate with each other, and it’s important to optimize them for enhanced security. Users can enforce proper security monitoring and policies and block data breaches quickly by implementing the right network and API security practices for containers.
6. Use Intrusion Detection and Prevention Tools
Intrusion detection and prevention tools can help secure Docker containers by mitigating potential advanced threats. It uses machine learning and a rule-based engine to achieve active monitoring and can apply a universal firewall to block all access endpoints.
Why SentinelOne for Docker Container Security?
SentinelOne delivers the features needed to detect, prevent, and mitigate various Docker container security threats. Its advanced autonomous AI-driven cyber security platform provides excellent threat hunting capabilities and achieves enterprise-wide infrastructure visibility. Singularity™ responds to cyber attacks at machine-speed and achieves higher accuracy across endpoint, cloud, and identity. Singularity™ for Cloud simplifies container and VM security, enables continuous compliance, and fosters maximum agility. SentinelOne Singularity™ for Identity upgrades your threat detection and response by securing identity-based surfaces such as Active Directory and Azure AD. SentinelOne’s secret scanner can detect over 750+ different types of secrets across private repositories and prevent cloud credentials leakages.
Singularity™ Ranger uses built-in agent technology to actively and passively map networks, deliver instant asset inventory management, and investigate rogue devices. It features a unified user interface to control IoT and suspicious or unmanaged devices.
Other features offered by SentinelOne that makes it ideal for boosting Docker Container Security are:
- Agentless CNAPP with a unique Offensive Security Engine
- AI-Powered CWPP agent and Cloud Data Security
- RemoteOps, PurpleAI, and Binary Vault
- Automated file quarantine, machine-speed malware analysis, prevents ransomware, and fileless attacks
- Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management (CIEM), SaaS Security Posture Management (SSPM), Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM), and Kubernetes Security Posture Management (KSPM)
- Patented Storyline technology with agentless vulnerability management and verified exploit pathways
- Unified XDR integration with Singularity Data Lake along with third-party data for AI-powered insights and incident response
Conclusion
Docker container security can be simple, and there are strategies organizations can implement to improve security measures. Using a good vulnerability scanning tool for scanning registry components, directories, and images can go a long way toward threat detection and remediation. Docker scanning tools will give a complete overview of resources, streamline identity and access management, and monitor roles so threat actors cannot exploit permissions.