Top 10 Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) Solutions for 2025

In October 2024, Fidelity Investments—a giant in U.S. finance—fell victim to a data breach, exposing 77,099 customers’ sensitive details, from Social Security numbers to driver’s licenses. Despite swift action and a team of cybersecurity experts, this breach is a brutal reminder: without top-tier endpoint protection, no organization is safe.

As cyber threats grow sharper and more relentless, Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) tools have become necessary in the fight to detect, analyze, and neutralize security incidents in real-time. EDR solutions offer unparalleled visibility across every endpoint, arming security teams with the insights they need to strengthen their defenses and stay one step ahead.

This guide reveals the top 10 EDR tools for 2025 needed to tackle today’s most advanced attacks. With feature breakdowns, user ratings, and comparisons, this guide has everything you need to secure your endpoints.

What is an EDR?

Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) is a powerful cybersecurity tool built to monitor and shield devices—known as endpoints—such as computers, servers, laptops, and mobile devices from serious threats, including ransomware and malware. EDR systems pull and analyze data from endpoints in real time, allowing them to detect suspicious activity and respond decisively to potential security breaches.

EDR delivers immediate visibility into endpoint behavior, and continuous monitoring capabilities, and can trigger automated responses to neutralize threats as they emerge. It also strengthens incident investigation, offering valuable context so security teams can grasp the nature and impact of an attack on the network.

Need for EDR solutions

EDR solutions are important for organizations looking to improve their cybersecurity. As cyber threats become increasingly complex, traditional defenses like antivirus software and firewalls are no longer sufficient on their own. EDR solutions address this gap with a multi-dimensional approach to security. Here’s how they operate at the front line:

• Enhanced Threat Detection: Unlike conventional antivirus software, which relies on known threat signatures, EDR uses advanced analytics and intelligence to continuously monitor endpoint activity, catching both familiar and novel threats in real-time. Proactive vigilance is essential for identifying sophisticated attacks that might evade traditional defenses.
• Swift Incident Response: With EDR, organizations gain the ability to act immediately. Real-time visibility across all endpoints enables security teams to monitor suspicious activity and launch response protocols at the earliest signs of trouble, helping contain threats before they escalate.
• Constant Monitoring and Comprehensive Visibility: EDR solutions maintain an active watch over all network devices, creating an ongoing record of endpoint behavior. Continuous oversight enables security teams to detect anomalies quickly, ensuring that minor issues are addressed before they can turn into critical breaches.
• Automated Remediation: Equipped with automated response capabilities, EDR systems can isolate or neutralize compromised endpoints the moment a threat is detected. Automation lightens the load on security personnel, freeing them to focus on high-priority tasks that require human analysis.
• In-Depth Forensic Analysis: When incidents do occur, EDR provides a wealth of contextual data for post-incident analysis, enabling security teams to dissect attacks thoroughly. Root cause analysis is crucial for refining defenses and preventing future incidents.
• Proactive Threat Hunting: Beyond simple detection, EDR empowers security teams to actively search for hidden threats. Advanced threat intelligence facilitates a proactive stance, helping organizations identify vulnerabilities before adversaries can exploit them.
• Scalability and Flexibility: Today’s EDR systems are designed to grow with the organization, protecting a diverse array of endpoints, from traditional desktops and laptops to IoT devices and cloud environments. Such adaptability is critical as organizations expand their technological reach.
• Centralized Management and Reporting: A centralized management console within many EDR solutions provides a unified view of all endpoints. Simplified incident tracking and reporting allow security teams to respond with agility and give leadership a clear picture of the organization’s security posture.

In essence, EDR solutions do more than stop threats; they build resilience, enhance visibility, and equip organizations with the tools needed to stay ahead in an ever-changing cyber landscape.

EDR Solutions Landscapе in 2025

EDR tools are essential for organizations to detect, investigate, and respond to threats targeting endpoints like laptops, servers, desktops, and mobile devices.

Here are the top 10 EDR solutions based on the latest reviews and ratings:

#1 SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint

SentinelOne Singularity endpoint is an advanced cybersecurity platform that unifies data and workflows across an organization’s cloud environment, delivering streamlined visibility and control over all enterprise endpoints.

It autonomously detects a wide range of threats, including malware, ransomware, and advanced persistent threats, leveraging both static and behavioral analysis to catch known and unknown risks.

With Singularity Ranger, the platform provides real-time network attack surface management, profiling all IP-enabled devices within the network to secure any previously unmanaged endpoints.

Platform at Glance

One of SentinelOne’s standout features is its AI and machine learning capabilities, which continuously adapt to evolving threat patterns, allowing for proactive threat detection and response. Through technologies like ActiveEDR™ and Storyline™, it visually maps out the sequence of events during an attack, offering a clear, actionable view that empowers analysts to trace the root causes with precision. The platform’s automated response capabilities, including one-click remediation and rollback functions, allow users to neutralize threats and restore systems to a pre-attack state, making it especially effective against ransomware.

Singularity Endpoint’s cloud-native architecture supports cross-platform compatibility, protecting Windows, macOS, Linux, and virtual and cloud environments seamlessly. SentinelOne’s XDR integration further extends its capabilities beyond endpoints, integrating with other security tools to deliver a comprehensive approach to threat detection and response. With unified visibility, automated threat hunting, and real-time threat intelligence integration, SentinelOne alleviates the burden on security analysts, enabling rapid response and continuous security for organizations of all sizes and complexities.

Features:

• Rapid response: SentinelOne minimizes the mean time to respond (MTTR) and accelerates threat investigations.
• Dynamic protection: The platform offers robust defense against unmanaged attack surfaces, assets, and endpoints.
• Efficient detection: Combining the endpoint Protection Platform (EPP) and endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) functionalities reduces false positives and enhances detection efficiency across various operating systems.
• Unified visibility: A single-pane view in the solution facilitates infrastructure oversight.
• Streamlined management: Vulnerability and configuration management is made easier with both pre-built and customizable scripting options.

• Simplified remediation: Users can remediate and roll back endpoints with a single click.

Core Problems that SentinelOne Eliminates

• The platform accurately identifies and mitigates threats with minimal analyst intervention.
• SentinelOne enables unmatched scalability in remote investigations, effectively reducing MTTR.
• The platform integrates both static and behavioral detection techniques to neutralize known and unknown threats.
• Enhanced endpoint visibility aids in the proactive prevention of threats.
• SentinelOne automatically correlates events to reconstruct threat scenarios.
• Automated responses alleviate the burden on security analysts.
• Unmanaged endpoints are identified and secured in real-time.

Tеstimonials

“Wе primarily usе thе solution for EDR, which it doеs in a brilliant way. Wе arе also using it for log management. Wе can usе it for invеstigations, rеporting, and sеcurity incidеnt management.”

• Princе Josеph, Group Chiеf Information Officеr, NеST Information Tеchnologiеs Pvt Ltd

“Wе nееd to providе a form of antivirus for our cybеrsеcurity insurancе. Thе nеw tеrm is EDR or еndpoint dеtеction response. I tеstеd out several vеndors, including CrowdStrikе, SеntinеlOnе, and Cisco. SеntinеlOnе definitely stood out. My usе casе protеcts all of my end-user devices and sеrvеrs on-prеmisе and in our virtual еnvironmеnt.”

• Eddiе Drachenberg, a Global Nеtwork and Infrastructurе Managеr.

Look at Singularity™ Cloud Security’s ratings and reviews on Gartner Peer Insights and PeerSpot for additional insights.

#2 Cortеx from Palo Alto Nеtworks

Cortex by Palo Alto Networks is a security platform designed to enhance threat detection, investigation, and response capabilities across an organization’s digital environment.

Using advanced technologies like artificial intelligence, Cortex integrates various security components, offering a unified and AI-driven approach to cybersecurity that allows for rapid and precise threat mitigation.

Features:

• Cortex Xpanse: This tool is focused on attack surface management, continuously monitoring an organization’s internet-facing assets to identify and mitigate vulnerabilities. Cortex Xpanse enhances security by providing visibility into exposed or unmanaged assets, reducing the organization’s external attack surface and safeguarding digital entry points.
• Cortex XDR (extended Detection and Response): Serving as the core of the Cortex platform, Cortex XDR unifies data from endpoints, networks, cloud sources, and even third-party security tools. Using AI and machine learning, it analyzes massive datasets in real time, enabling the detection of complex threats and swift response to potential incidents. Its integration with other Palo Alto Networks products enhances cross-platform visibility and response capabilities, addressing advanced threats that could bypass traditional defenses.
• Managed threat hunting: Known as Cortex XDR Managed Threat Hunting, this feature provides organizations with expert security analysts who proactively search for hidden threats that may evade automated detection systems. This managed service adds an extra layer of security by applying human expertise to uncover potential risks missed by conventional methods.
• Additional capabilities: Cortex also includes Cortex XSOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response), which supports incident investigation and response management. XSOAR integrates orchestration and automation to streamline and coordinate incident response actions, allowing security teams to respond with greater efficiency.

See how strong Cortex XDR is as an endpoint security solution by evaluating its Gartner Peer Insights and PeerSpot ratings and reviews.

#3 Microsoft Dеfеndеr for Endpoint

Microsoft Defender for Endpoint is a cloud-native endpoint security platform created to protect enterprise networks from advanced cyber threats.

It offers a range of capabilities, including Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR), enabling organizations to investigate, detect, and respond to threats across various devices.

Features:

• Automated investigation and remediation: Defender for endpoint automates the alert investigation process, significantly reducing the time required to respond to incidents.
• Risk-based vulnerability management: The platform includes tools for assessing vulnerabilities within the network, prioritizing them based on risk levels, and providing actionable insights for remediation.
• Integration with other Microsoft solutions: Defender for Endpoint seamlessly integrates with other Microsoft security products, such as Microsoft Sentinel, Intune, and Microsoft Defender for Cloud.

Check out Gartner Peer Insights and G2 reviews to see what users have to say about Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

#4 CrowdStrikе Endpoint Sеcurity

CrowdStrike Endpoint Security protects organizations from cyber threats. It combines endpoint protection, threat intelligence, and incident response capabilities to provide security across various environments.

Features:

• Advanced Incident Response: CrowdStrike enables rapid investigation and remediation of security incidents using advanced forensic analysis. The platform’s Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) capabilities allow security teams to trace the source of attacks, understand their progression, and respond effectively, minimizing potential damage and recovery time.
• Next-Generation Antivirus (NGAV): Using machine learning and behavioral analysis, CrowdStrike Falcon’s NGAV functionality delivers effective protection against advanced threats, including zero-day attacks and fileless malware. With this proactive approach, you can detect and block threats that traditional signature-based antivirus solutions might miss.
• Cloud-Based Management Console: CrowdStrike’s cloud-native management console provides centralized, real-time visibility into all endpoint activities across an organization. The console simplifies the deployment, management, and scaling of security measures, all without requiring on-premises infrastructure.
• Real-Time Threat Detection and Automated Containment: The platform continuously monitors endpoint activities and includes automated containment features that can isolate compromised endpoints instantly. This real-time detection and response helps prevent the lateral spread of threats, containing damage swiftly.
• Threat Intelligence Integration with Falcon X: CrowdStrike Falcon integrates global threat intelligence from Falcon X, providing organizations with detailed insights into emerging threats and adversary tactics. This intelligence allows security teams to anticipate and mitigate threats proactively, staying one step ahead of attackers.
• Proactive Threat Hunting with Falcon OverWatch: In addition to automated defenses, CrowdStrike offers Falcon OverWatch, a managed threat-hunting service staffed by expert security analysts. The team continuously monitors for signs of hidden threats and malicious activity, adding a critical human layer of proactive threat detection that complements the automated platform.

See what CrowdStrike’s position is in the endpoint security segment by going through its latest Gartner Peer Insights and G2 reviews and ratings.

#5 TrеndMicro Trеnd Vision Onе – Endpoint Sеcurity

Trend Micro’s Trend Vision One is an endpoint security solution integrating EDR capabilities. The solution helps with an organization’s cybersecurity posture by providing threat detection, investigation, and response functionalities, along with cross-environment visibility.

Features:

• Automated Response: Upon detecting a threat, Trend Vision One can automatically isolate affected endpoints or terminate malicious processes to contain and mitigate risks rapidly, reducing the impact of attacks.
• Real-Time Monitoring: The platform continuously monitors endpoint activities, detecting suspicious behaviors and anomalies in real-time to ensure immediate awareness of potential threats.
• Forensic Analysis: Trend Vision One offers detailed insights into security incidents, including attack vectors, timelines, and contextual data, enabling security teams to assess the scope and impact of breaches accurately.
• Threat Intelligence Integration: With integrated threat intelligence feeds, the platform stays updated on emerging threats and indicators of compromise (IOCs), strengthening detection capabilities against sophisticated attacks.
• Extended XDR Capabilities: Beyond endpoints, Trend Vision One’s XDR capabilities allow it to collect and correlate data from additional sources, such as network, email, and cloud environments, offering a unified, cross-layered security approach.

Find out how effective TrendMicro Trend Vision One is as an endpoint security platform by browsing its Gartner Peer Insights and TrustRadius reviews and ratings.

#6 Sophos Intеrcеpt X Endpoint

Sophos Intercept X is an endpoint security solution that combines advanced technologies to protect against a range of cyber threats, including ransomware, exploits, and malware.

Its robust features are designed for both IT security operations and proactive threat hunting.

Features:

• Extended detection and response (XDR): Intercept X extends visibility across various data sources, encompassing network, email, cloud, and mobile environments. The holistic approach enables more effective threat detection and response.
• Deep learning technology: The solution employs deep learning, a sophisticated form of machine learning, to identify both known and unknown threats without relying on traditional signature-based methods. It enhances its ability to detect and mitigate emerging threats.
• Anti-ransomware capabilities: Intercept X includes advanced anti-ransomware technology that detects malicious encryption processes in real-time. It can also roll back affected files to their original state, minimizing disruption to business operations.

You can check out Sophos Intercept X endpoint’s recent reviews and ratings on G2 and Gartner to learn how effective it is regarding all endpoint security matters.

#7 Symantеc Endpoint Protеction

Symantec Endpoint Protection (SEP) is a security software suite developed by Broadcom Inc. It integrates anti-malware, intrusion prevention, and firewall features to protect server and desktop computers from a wide range of cyber threats.

It is designed to defend against known and unknown threats with technologies such as machine learning and behavioral analysis.

Features:

• Multi-layered defense: SEP employs a holistic security model to address various stages of an attack, from initial incursion and infection to data exfiltration. This multi-layered approach ensures that threats are detected and blocked at multiple points in the attack chain.
• Advanced threat protection: Combining traditional antivirus with sophisticated threat prevention capabilities, SEP defends against advanced threats, including zero-day exploits and rootkits, providing an essential shield against high-impact attacks.
• Machine learning and behavioral analysis: SEP’s machine learning algorithms analyze extensive data sets to identify new malware variants before they can execute. Coupled with behavioral analysis, SEP can detect and respond to threats that lack traditional signatures.
• Host integrity and compliance: It maintains endpoint compliance by enforcing security policies and detecting unauthorized modifications to system files and configurations, helping ensure a secure and consistent environment.
• Application and device control: SEP includes granular control options, allowing administrators to block unauthorized applications and restrict access to removable devices, strengthening endpoint defenses.

Find out more about Symantec’s endpoint protection capabilities by going through its Gartner and TrustRadius ratings and reviews.

#8 McAfее Endpoint Sеcurity (Trellix Endpoint Security)

McAfee Endpoint Security (ENS), also known as Trellix Endpoint Security, is a cybersecurity solution that protects businesses from various cyber threats targeting endpoints like desktops, laptops, and mobile devices.

ENS employs real-time threat detection, prevention, and remediation capabilities to adapt to evolving threats.

Features:

• Real-time threat detection: ENS uses behavioral analysis to identify suspicious activities proactively, allowing businesses to respond swiftly before damage occurs. By addressing the limitations of traditional signature-based detection, ENS provides more agile threat identification.
• Comprehensive protection: McAfee ENS offers robust defense against various threats, including malware, ransomware, phishing attacks, and zero-day exploits. Its advanced machine learning and threat intelligence capabilities allow it to adapt effectively to evolving threats.
• Integration with cloud services: As more businesses transition to cloud environments, McAfee ENS seamlessly integrates with these platforms, ensuring consistent protection across both on-premises and cloud-based endpoints.
• Centralized management: McAfee’s ePolicy Orchestrator (ePO) offers centralized, real-time visibility into the security status of all endpoints, simplifying management, policy enforcement, and reporting across the organization.
• Adaptive threat protection and web control: ENS includes adaptive threat protection using machine learning, as well as URL filtering and firewall capabilities for enhanced network security and safe internet access.

Learn how McAfee can level up your endpoint security by exploring its Gartner and PeerSpot ratings and reviews.

#9 Bitdefender Endpoint Sеcurity

Bitdefender offers a suite of endpoint security solutions made to protect organizations from cyber threats. Its EDR solutions are integral to its cybersecurity strategy, providing threat protection, detection, and response capabilities.

Features:

• Real-time monitoring: Continuous monitoring helps identify suspicious activities early, preventing threats from escalating into full-blown incidents.
• Extended Detection and Response (XDR): Bitdefender’s XDR incorporates cross-endpoint correlation and analytics, allowing for more effective detection and response by connecting data across multiple endpoints.
• Actionable insights: The EDR system provides detailed incident insights, enabling security teams to understand attack vectors and improve response strategies. It supports both threat hunting and forensic analysis.
• HyperDetect and network attack defense: With HyperDetect for advanced threat detection and network-based attack protection, Bitdefender enhances defenses against both endpoint and network-level threats.

Learn if Bitdefender Endpoint Security is ideal for your enterprise by checking out its G2 and PeerSpot ratings and reviews.

#10 Cisco Sеcurе Endpoint

Cisco Secure Endpoint, formerly known as AMP for endpoints, is a cloud-based security solution that integrates endpoint detection and response capabilities. This platform is designed to provide protection against various cyber threats, utilizing technologies such as machine learning, behavioral analysis, and real-time monitoring.

Features:

• Continuous monitoring: The solution offers real-time visibility into endpoint activities, allowing security teams to monitor behaviors continuously and detect potential threats early.
• Advanced threat protection: Cisco Secure Endpoint uses behavioral analytics and machine learning when identifying and blocking sophisticated threats, including zero-day attacks and polymorphic malware.
• Dynamic file analysis: Cisco Secure Endpoint can analyze files in isolated environments using sandboxing techniques to identify previously unknown threats.
• Threat hunting capabilities: With this, security teams can conduct proactive threat hunting to search for signs of compromise that may evade automated detection systems.
• Integration with Cisco SecureX: Connects seamlessly with Cisco SecureX for unified visibility, workflow automation, and streamlined management across Cisco’s security ecosystem.

See if Cisco Secure Endpoint is good for endpoint protection by analyzing its ratings and reviews on Gartner and PeerSpot.

How to Choose the Right EDR Solution?

Choosing the right EDR solution depends on an organization’s needs, resources, and security goals. Here is a guide to help narrow down the best fit for your environment:

Forensic and Investigation Tools

You need to opt for detailed logging, threat tracking, and forensic analysis solutions. These feature sets are invaluable for investigating incidents and understanding threat vectors. Advanced tools may also include visual representations or attack path mapping, which make it easier for security teams to trace threats’ origins and impacts.

Threat Detection Capabilities

You should look for solutions, particularly using Artificial Intelligence and machine learning to identify known and emerging threats. Check if the solution includes behavior-based detection to catch anomalies that signature-based detection may miss. Consider solutions that detect threats in real time, enabling rapid response to potential incidents.

Vendor Support and Reputation

Evaluate the vendor’s reputation for support, especially regarding response times and service level agreements (SLAs) for critical issues. Consider vendors known for cybersecurity research and expertise. They’re often better equipped to provide timely threat intelligence and updates.

Ease of Deployment and Integration

Choose an EDR solution that integrates easily with your current infrastructure and tools, such as your SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response) and SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) platforms.

Incident Response Features

You need to look for automated response capabilities, such as threat isolation, remediation, and rollback, to help minimize an attack’s spread and impact. Some solutions provide automated workflows that enable security teams to react to threats more effectively and efficiently.

Scalability and Flexibility

Look for EDR solutions that can scale with your organization’s growth and adapt to its evolving needs. Some solutions offer modular features that can be expanded or adjusted as security requirements change. This flexibility ensures long-term value as your security landscape becomes more complex.

Performance and Resource Impact

Evaluate the impact of the EDR solution on system performance. An ideal EDR solution provides robust protection without overloading system resources or slowing down endpoint performance. Performance testing can help ensure the solution won’t disrupt business operations.

Threat Intelligence Integration

Seek solutions that integrate real-time threat intelligence feeds, which provide insights into global threat landscapes and evolving adversary tactics. Threat intelligence enhances the solution’s ability to detect emerging threats and makes proactive threat management more effective.

User Experience and Customization

Consider solutions that offer an intuitive user interface and customizable dashboards. Ease of use is critical for security analysts, and customizable dashboards allow for tailored views that align with specific security workflows and priorities.

Compliance and Regulatory Alignment

If your organization operates in a regulated industry, such as healthcare or finance, verify that the EDR solution supports compliance requirements, including logging, auditing, and reporting. Some solutions offer compliance templates or reporting tools that can streamline audit processes.

Cost Considerations and ROI

Assess the solution’s cost relative to its benefits, factoring in licensing fees, support costs, and potential ROI. EDR solutions with strong automation and threat intelligence capabilities can reduce the need for manual intervention, potentially lowering operational costs over time.

Conclusion

EDR solutions equip organizations with essential capabilities for modern cybersecurity, including extensive monitoring, real-time threat detection, automated responses, and in-depth forensic analysis. These tools enable teams to detect, mitigate, and respond swiftly to sophisticated attacks that bypass traditional defenses. Our evaluation of the top EDR solutions for 2025 highlights features, effectiveness, and user ratings to guide businesses in selecting the solution best suited to their unique security needs.

Choosing an EDR solution that aligns with your infrastructure and security goals is critical. Look for features like behavior-based threat detection, automated response functions, and seamless integration with your existing security systems to build a strong defense. With the right EDR solution in place, you can strengthen your cybersecurity posture and protect proactively against increasingly complex threats.

Among the top options, SentinelOne stands out for its unified, AI-driven approach to endpoint security. It delivers dynamic protection, rapid response capabilities, and streamlined management.

Schedule a demo to see how SentinelOne powers up your defenses and keeps you a step ahead of evolving cyber threats.

Faqs:

1. What is EDR and why is it important?

Endpoint Detection and Response is a solution that continuously monitors endpoint devices to detect, investigate, and respond to threats in real time. Providing comprehensive visibility into endpoint activities is important, enabling organizations to identify and mitigate sophisticated attacks that traditional security measures may miss, thereby enhancing overall security posture.

2. How does EDR differ from antivirus software?

EDR differs from antivirus software primarily in its approach and capabilities. While antivirus focuses on detecting known malware using signature-based methods, EDR employs behavioral analysis and continuous monitoring to identify both known and unknown threats. Additionally, EDR includes advanced incident response features, allowing for real-time containment and investigation, which antivirus solutions typically lack.

3. What types of threats does EDR detect?

EDR can detect a wide range of threats, including advanced persistent threats (APTs), ransomware, zero-day exploits, insider threats, and other sophisticated malware that traditional antivirus software may overlook. Its continuous monitoring and behavioral analysis capabilities enable it to identify anomalies indicative of potential attacks.

4. What are the benefits of using EDR?

The benefits of EDR include enhanced threat detection capabilities, real-time monitoring of endpoints, automated incident response, and extensive forensic analysis. These features enable organizations to quickly identify and respond to security incidents, reducing the risk of data breaches and improving overall cybersecurity resilience.

5. Can EDR prevent ransomware attacks?

Yes, EDR can help prevent ransomware attacks by detecting unusual behaviors associated with ransomware activity, such as unauthorized file encryption or data exfiltration attempts. Its real-time monitoring allows for immediate response actions to isolate affected systems before the attack spreads.

6. Is EDR suitable for small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs)?

EDR is suitable for SMBs, especially those handling sensitive data or facing advanced cyber threats. While traditionally more beneficial for larger enterprises, many EDR solutions have become more accessible and cost-effective for SMBs, providing them with robust protection against evolving threats.

7. What are the differences between EDR and XDR (extended Detection and Response)?

EDR focuses specifically on endpoint security by monitoring and responding to threats on endpoint devices. In contrast, XDR extends this capability across multiple security layers, providing a more integrated approach to threat detection and response across a company’s whole infrastructure.