Castle-and-moat is the traditional network security model in which every human and device within the network is trusted by default, even as entities outside the network find it challenging to access data on the inside.
As the enterprise IT landscape evolved with cloud computing, Artificial Intelligence(AI) and remote work policies, the traditional IT security model proved to be deficient, leading to the evolution of zero-trust security.
Zero trust is a holistic approach incorporating several different principles and technologies. 61% of the organization had a defined Zero Trust security initiative in 2023, a significant increase from 2021 when only 24% had a defined initiative.
What is Zero Trust Endpoint Security?
Endpoints contribute the most to the attack surface size and are the most challenging IT assets to protect. They are the weakest links in your organization’s IT landscape. You should ensure endpoints’ safety and security to prevent threat actors from leveraging them to cause collateral damage to your IT infrastructure and applications.
The underlying core principle behind Zero Trust endpoint security is that all users and devices, whether inside or outside the network, must be verified before being granted access to the organization’s IT infrastructure, applications, and data. Extending Zero Trust to the endpoint creates a holistic security architecture for your organization by weaving endpoint security with network security. It enables you to leverage intelligence gained on endpoints to set firewall policies that isolate specific endpoints when they experience any security event.
Zero Trust endpoint security also includes combining endpoint security with VPNs (Virtual Private Network) security so that your security policy moves globally with the user and endpoint enabling you to protect endpoints irrespective of their locations.
Key Principles of Zero Trust in Endpoint Security
The traditional security model was built around the concept of a trusted perimeter. However, cloud computing and remote work policies are rendering this model moot. The Zero Trust model focuses on verifying every user and device before granting access to the resources. Some key principles of Zero Trust applied in endpoint security are as follows.
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Never Trust, Always Verify
Every request to connect to your organization’s network or access sensitive information is verified regardless of the user and device location. Access requests are scrutinized using methods such as MFA(multi-factor authentication) and leveraging factors such as user identity, device health, and contextual data.
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Least Privilege Access
The least privilege access principle enables you to grant a minimum level of access to your users and devices to help them perform their tasks. You continuously monitor users and devices to identify and optimize over-privilege identities, enabling you to limit the potential for a breach or security incident.
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Assume Breach
You should build a robust and tested incident response plan so that when endpoint attacks do occur, your team can respond quickly. This plan also helps organizations shrink the target and impact zone of an attack through networking principles like micro segmentations.
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Micro-Segmentation
In micro-segmentation, you divide the network into smaller segments to isolate potential security breaches and limit the damage. It limits the attacker’s lateral movement within the network to help contain the damage by preventing unchecked navigation.
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Automated Context Analysis
Zero Trust architecture uses automated systems to gather context around user behavior and endpoint health security. The context data enables you to make informed decisions about access permissions and promptly respond to any suspicious activity across endpoints.
How Zero Trust Secures Endpoints?
Zero Trust emphasizes minimizing trust in entities such as users and devices accessing organization infrastructure, applications, and data. In the zero-trust security model, users and devices have to continuously prove their credentials and trustworthiness to the organization to gain access to its IT systems.
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Evaluating User Data
A recent study has shown that phishing and credential stealing are the top two causes of real-world data breaches in 2022, primarily from compromised endpoints. Protecting against these threats has become integral to your organization’s IT assets and data security. Zero Trust security emphasizes that the endpoint must collect and evaluate user data with each request to ensure the user has the right credentials to access your organization’s systems.
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Comprehensive Visibility and Monitoring of Network and Devices
Zero Trust enables you to get a comprehensive view of your network and the devices connected to it. Applying zero trust principles enables you to gain visibility into all devices and access points accessing your resources. It helps you monitor risks across multiple endpoints used by one person.
All activities across endpoints are monitored in real-time to detect suspicious behavior and potential threats. This helps you respond to emerging risks in real time, preventing them from escalating into significant security incidents and breaches.
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Evaluating and Protecting Device Data
Devices are vulnerable to threats such as malicious apps, runtime exploitation, etc. Zero Trust facilitates continuous monitoring of endpoints using contextual information, such as device health, user identity, geolocation, time of access, and application activity. This provides extensive system-wide visibility to security teams and protects device data.
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Neutralizing Internal Threats
In addition to external threats, Zero Trust also considers internal threats, whether intentional or accidental. Zero Trust minimizes the potential damage that can be caused by insider threats, even on trusted endpoints, by implementing least privilege access and multi-factor authentication.
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Regulating Access to Local and Remote Resources
Zero Trust supports fine-grained access control and least privilege access, which helps endpoints regulate access to local on-device and remote resources and secure them.
How does Zero Trust Endpoint Security Work?
The core value proposition of Zero Trust endpoint security is strict verification of every user or device that tries to access a network or applications. Verification is essential even for users and devices within the network. Zero Trust endpoint security works in the following ways.
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Identity Verification
Every endpoint must be verified, and this involves different layers of authentication, such as MFA (multi-factor authentication), device digital certificates, and others. The system verifies access rights and privileges based on context, such as the user’s role, device, location, and the data they are requesting. It continuously assesses validation and user access privileges as context changes.
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Least Privilege Access
Once the user and devices are verified, they are granted a minimum level of privileges to perform their functions. This helps to limit the exposure or attack surface risk, reducing the risk of malware or unauthorized users accessing sensitive information.
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Continuous Monitoring and Analytics
In the Zero Trust security model, endpoints are continuously monitored for unusual activities, and user behavior is analyzed to detect abnormal patterns using tools such as EDR(Endpoint Detection and Response), UEBA (User and Entity Behavior Analytics), and AAC(Adaptive Access Controls).
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Micro-segmentation
The network traffic is divided into smaller segments so that if any one endpoint is compromised, you can contain the breach by isolating the specific network segment.
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Data Encryption
All static data stored in endpoints and data transmitted from endpoints are encrypted to protect against interception or theft.
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Configuration Management
Endpoints are continuously monitored and updated with security patches, and configurations are verified to ensure they meet security policies. If any endpoint doesn’t conform to security requirements, you can revoke its access until the issue is resolved.
Security policies are centrally managed and enforced across all endpoints, irrespective of their location or ownership status. It ensures consistent protection of endpoints against threats.
Role of IAM in Zero Trust Endpoint Security
IAM (Identity and Access Management) is an integral component of Zero Trust security enabling you to control access to data and applications and also enforce least privilege principles.
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Continuous Identity Verification
IAM enables you to verify the identity of users and devices before allowing them into your network to access data and applications. In a Zero Trust security, you must consistently verify authorized users, which is made possible by IAM.
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Granular Access Control and Least Privilege Access
IAM enforces strict access control policies based on user roles and enforces least privilege access principles, minimizing the risk of unauthorized access and potential data breaches. It enables you to reduce the attack surface threat actors can exploit to manipulate systems.
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Dynamically Adjust Access Permissions
IAM leverages contextual factors such as user behavior, device health, and location to adjust access permissions dynamically. It allows you to respond to potential threats in real time and limit their impact.
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Seamless Integration With Security Tools and Systems
IAM integrates with other security systems such as EDR(Endpoint Detection and Response) solutions, SIEM(Security Information and Event Management), and others. The interoperability enables you to correlate identity-related events with other security parameters for proactive threat detection and response management.
Benefits of Zero Trust for Endpoint Security
An integrated security solution leveraging Zero Trust for endpoint security helps you secure users and devices comprehensively. Some benefits of using Zero Trust for endpoint security are as follows.
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Enhanced Visibility into Network and Devices
Zero Trust for endpoints encourages continuous monitoring of endpoint activities, enhancing visibility into network traffic, user behavior, and devices. The greater visibility helps your organization detect anomalies in real time. The automated systems send alerts, which help your security team respond quickly to threats.
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Unified Security for Endpoints
Zero Trust with identity access management streamlines the security and consolidates security solutions into a unified system. Your users need to authenticate once on request and navigate the network based on permissions granted to them. The unified security solution enables your user and devices to avoid repeated checks once their identity has been verified and validated.
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Improved Regulatory Compliance
Zero Trust for endpoints enforces strict access control and continuously monitors device activities. The model ensures that sensitive data is adequately protected and simplifies the audit process enabling your organization to comply with regulations such as PCI DSS, GDPR, etc.
Additionally, Zero Trust helps reduce the attack surface by restricting user access based on context and micro-segmentation. Zero Trust for endpoints facilitates remote work policy by ensuring all endpoints outside traditional network security perimeters are scrutinized and authenticated before accessing applications and data.
Challenges in Zero Trust for Endpoint Security
Zero Trust for endpoint security has its own set of challenges that you must factor in while creating the implementation plan. Some key challenges in Zero Trust for endpoint security are as follows.
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Technical Challenges
Many organizations using legacy security systems find integration challenging as their outdated systems may not support the dynamic access rules required by Zero Trust principles. It makes the transition difficult for them as upgrading or replacing legacy systems may be costly, requiring significant resources and time.
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Interoperability Challenges
You may encounter additional technical challenges in integrating Zero Trust security solutions with the enterprise technology stack to facilitate interoperability. To identify and address challenges early in the implementation process, you must thoroughly test and run pilots before full-scale deployment.
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Monitoring and Visibility Challenges
Fragmented data sources and the complexity of managing diverse environments cause monitoring and visibility challenges. Your organization relies on multiple security tools, leading to blind spots, especially with remote users and devices that may not always be connected to your corporate networks. The fragmentation makes it challenging for you to understand endpoint activities and prevents you from detecting real-time threats.
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Resistance to Change
Employees and stakeholders accustomed to the traditional security model might resist the change because the zero-trust approach of continuous verification disrupts the existing workflow. A collaborative implementation approach, comprehensive training program, and effective communication will help alleviate the concerns and build confidence in the new security model.
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Strike the Right Balance Between Security and User Experience
Zero Trust’s emphasis on continuous verification introduces additional authentication steps that might negatively impact user experience. Balancing security and user convenience is essential to prevent user resistance and encourage Zero Trust security adoption.
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Scalability and Performance Issues
The increased scrutiny of every access request may slow down processes, negatively impacting efficiency. Zero Trust implementation may affect your organization’s performance as you scale your operations.
Best Practices for Zero Trust Endpoint Security
The successful implementation of Zero Trust in endpoint security requires a methodological approach. Some best practices you must follow for applying Zero Trust principles for endpoint security are as follows.
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Security Posture Assessment
The assessment’s most crucial outcome should be identifying your organization’s network-critical endpoints such as servers, employee workstations, and mobile devices that are vulnerable to attacks. Ponemon Institute reports that 55% of its respondents feel devices such as mobile phones and laptops are the most susceptible to attacks. Besides, maintaining patch management across all these devices is exhaustive – across enterprise Android devices only 21.2% of updates are made immediately, and eyebrow-raising 48.5% of updates aren’t managed at all.
You must conduct a detailed assessment of your organization’s current security posture. This will help you understand network architecture, identify potential vulnerabilities, and test the effectiveness of existing security measures.
Do remember visibility is a key aspect of Zero Trust. Your security posture assessment should help you review your endpoint protection and key vulnerabilities. This paves for immediate detection of abnormal behavior or suspicious access, at the same time ensuring that no action is trusted until verified, which is a core principle of Zero Trust.
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Zero Trust Implementation Roadmap
You must create a roadmap outlining essential steps and milestones to transition from a traditional security model to a zero-trust endpoint security system. It requires a shift from a network-centric to an identity-centric approach where users and devices are the central element of your endpoint security measures.
Your structured Zero Trust implementation roadmap includes assessment, planning, implementation, and monitoring phases.
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IAM Practices and Micro-Segmentation
Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a cornerstone of the zero-trust security model, which operates on the principle that no one inside or outside the network is trusted by default. By implementing IAM every user’s identity is verified. Their access is strictly controlled according to their role. Enforcing the least privileged access means users and devices are granted only the minimum level of access necessary for their functions.
Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), also adds an additional layer of security – drastically reducing the risk of unauthorized access. This approach not only minimizes the potential damage in the event of a breach but also tightens overall security by limiting the access points available to attackers. Also, your organization ensures Zero Trust because these practices ensure only authenticated users can access specific resources and limit user permissions to only what is necessary for their role, reducing potential attack vectors.
You must leverage micro-segmentation to isolate critical network assets and endpoints from lateral movement in the event of a breach. Micro Segmentation is super complementary to Zero-trust principles. Think about this. Zero Trust ushering in an environment of limited privileges and treating every access request with high scrutiny. Microsegmentation solutions identify and segregate cloud workloads and virtual machines and offer granular control to implement PoLP policies, and access controls, and isolate breaches to individual workloads.
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Enterprise Integration
The success of Zero Trust for endpoints depends on the seamless application of the principles across the current security stack. This may require upgrading existing tools and adopting new ones that align with the Zero Trust framework. You also need to deploy an EPP(Endpoint protection platform) and an EDR(Endpoint Detection and Response) solution to acquire real-time intelligence and response capabilities for protecting endpoints.
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Cross-Functional Collaboration
Implementing Zero Trust for endpoints requires cross-functional collaboration with teams from IT(Information Technology), security, legal, and compliance.
Additionally, you must create a training and change management program to explain to your organization’s users the significance of implementing Zero Trust for endpoints and help them transition to a new security model with minimal disruption.
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Using AI Patch Management
An automated patch management system enables you to quickly identify, download, and deploy patches across all endpoint devices, minimizing the vulnerability that attackers can leverage. It helps you save significant time and resources for your organization, considering security personnel take 151 days to patch a medium or low-priority vulnerability. Additionally, security personnel must coordinate with other departments when patching vulnerabilities, which takes an additional 12 days before a patch can be applied.
AI(Artificial Intelligence) enabled endpoint protection platforms such as SentinelOne help you quickly identify vulnerabilities and apply patches. 60% of organizations have stated that one in three breaches could have occurred because a patch was available for a known vulnerability but not applied. The automated systems scale up as endpoints increase without impacting security personnel productivity.
Zero Trust Endpoint Security with SentinelOne
SentinelOne offers an integrated endpoint protection platform that secures your organization’s endpoints. This platform, combined with Singularity™ XDR (eXtended Detection and Response) technology, offers comprehensive protection across endpoints, cloud workloads, and identity systems.
Singularity™ XDR is a single source truth for all endpoint activities, offering you complete visibility into potential threats. It provides visibility, analytics, and autonomous response capabilities that help your organization move to a zero-trust security model.
SentinelOne collaborates with leading identity and network vendors to deliver validated Zero Trust capabilities enabling organizations to adopt a Zero Trust security model successfully. It allows your security teams to continuously monitor and manage the hygiene, risk, and hardening of their entire IT estate as part of a Zero Trust strategy. SentinelOne patented on-endpoint Behavioral AI predicts, stops, and corrects the effects of known and unknown threats in real-time. SentinelOne can help your organization move to an endpoint-centric Zero Trust security model to improve your endpoint security posture and prevent threats from escalating.
Conclusion
Endpoint security risks have increased with organizations adopting multi-cloud environments and remote work policies. As the number and type of devices accessing the network increase, endpoints have become the weakest link in an organization’s cybersecurity framework. In such a scenario, traditional security built around the concept of a trusted perimeter is no longer relevant and is being replaced by Zero-Trust security that eliminates implicit trust.
In Zero Trust security, users and devices, whether inside or outside the network, are continuously verified and validated. Applying Zero Trust security principles to endpoints increases visibility into user behavior and devices, enabling you to detect anomalies in real-time. It helps you reduce the attack surface and ensure regulatory compliance. You can use SentinelOne for Zero Trust to secure endpoints with Zero Trust and extend visibility, analytics, and response capabilities across endpoints, identity, cloud, and network. Book a demo to learn more.
FAQs
1. Why is Zero Trust important for securing endpoints?
Zero Trust eliminates implicit trust, requiring continuous verification of users and devices for each new request. This approach helps organizations mitigate risks associated with operating in multi-cloud environments with remote work policies that entail managing diverse untrusted devices.
2. What are the key components of Zero Trust Endpoint Security?
The three key components of Zero Trust endpoint security are continuous verification, lead privilege access, and an incident response plan. Every business has different drivers and priorities for deploying Zero Trust, and these principles enable them to adopt Zero Trust to meet their specific endpoint security needs.
3. How does Zero Trust handle endpoint authentication?
Zero Trust relies on “never trust, always verify” principles, meaning continuously verifying and authenticating all endpoints regardless of whether they are inside or outside the network. This approach applies uniform security policies regardless of user, device type, and status. Every request to access organization resources is considered new, and users and devices are authenticated through IAM and MFA before being granted access.
4. Is Zero Trust Endpoint Security scalable for large enterprises?
Zero Trust security is designed to be scalable and adaptable to the ever-changing cyber security landscape. It enables organizations to respond to new threats and vulnerabilities with the speed and scale synonymous with cloud computing.